Reciprocal Trigonometry: cosecant (csc), secant (sec), and cotangent (cot) This math problem introduces three new trigonometric ratios: cosecant (CSC), secant (sec), and cotangent (cot). These ratios are simply the flipped, upside-down versions of sine, cosine, and tangent. Instead of comparing a right triangle's opposite side to its hypotenuse, you flip the ratio to look at the hypotenuse over the opposite side. They are essential tools for simplifying trigonometric equations and unlocking trig