Many people are taking care of the service which instantly finds the shortest route to the destination, such as a car navigation application or a smartphone map application, but most people who know ...
The heuristic function \(\eta_{ij} \left( t \right)\) was calculated based on the distance and angle from the current node to the target node. It makes path search more directional. A pheromone ...
In today’s society, innovative technologies emerge endlessly, which greatly promote social progress and industrial transformation 1. Robot technology covers many fields such as mechanical engineering, ...