High-performance optimization algorithms are essential in deep learning. However, understanding the behavior of optimization (i.e., learning process) remains challenging due to the instability and ...

We walk through an optimization problem step by step, clearly explaining how to identify variables, set up the correct function, apply derivatives, and find maximum or minimum values. Each step is ...

Nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms are important components of artificial intelligence, and are increasingly used across disciplines to tackle various types of challenging optimization problems.