Determining the least expensive path for a new subway line underneath a metropolis like New York City is a colossal planning challenge—involving thousands of potential routes through hundreds of city ...

Aiming at the problems that the Sparrow Search algorithm (SSA) is prone to fall into local extreme points in the early stage and has low optimization accuracy in the later stage, an adaptive step-size ...

Prehospital emergency helicopters, with excellent maneuverability and response speed, have become the key equipment for improving the quality of emergency medical services. However, the scientific ...